Galinsoga quadriradiata Ruiz & Pav.

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Photo: Bart Wursten
Ndundu Lodge, Vumba

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Synonyms:	Galinsoga ciliata (Raf.) S.F. Blake
Common names:	Shaggy soldier (English) Teketera (Shona)
Frequency:
Status:	Introduced
Description:	Slender annual herb, up to 30 cm. Stems densely covered in long, spreading, often glandular hairs. Leaves with long glandular hairs, particularly on the underside; margin crenate-dentate to subentire. Peduncle with many glandular and eglandular hairs, c. 0.5 mm long. Capitula c. 5 mm in diameter. Receptacular scales usually simple, some with 1 or 2 weak lateral lobes. Pappus of very narrowly ovate scales, fringed with hairs and with a fine terminal projection.
Notes:	Easily confused with G. parviflora which is usually somewhat taller and glabrescent. This species appears to be less common or widespread than G. parviflora but it may be under-recorded due to the similarity to that species. According to Stace (1997), the presence or absence of the projection on the pappus scales is the most reliable way to separate the two species.
Derivation of specific name:
Habitat:	Disturbed ground
Altitude range: (metres)
Flowering time:	Sep - May
Worldwide distribution:	Native to South America and now a near cosmopolitan weed of disturbed places.
Zimbabwe distribution:	C,E
Growth form(s):
Endemic status:
Red data list status:
Insects associated with this species:
Spot characters:	Display spot characters for this species
Images last updated:	Tuesday 3 October 2006
Literature:	Beentje, H.J. & Ghazanfar, S.A. (eds.) (2005). Compositae (Part 3) Flora of Tropical East Africa Pages 763 - 764. Mapaura, A. & Timberlake, J. (eds) (2004). A checklist of Zimbabwean vascular plants Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 33 Sabonet, Pretoria and Harare Page 25. as Galinsoga ciliata Stace, C.A. (1997). New Flora of the British Isles. 2nd edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Page 753. Wild, H. (1967). The Compositae of the Flora Zambesiaca area. 1. Heliantheae. Kirkia 6(1) Page 10. as Galinsoga ciliata

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Flora of Malawi: Galinsoga quadriradiata

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African Plants: A Photo Guide (Senckenberg): Galinsoga quadriradiata
BHL (Biodiversity Heritage Library): Galinsoga quadriradiata
EOL (Encyclopedia of Life): Galinsoga quadriradiata
GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility): Galinsoga quadriradiata
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iNaturalist: Galinsoga quadriradiata
IPNI (International Plant Names Index): Galinsoga quadriradiata
JSTOR Plant Science: Galinsoga quadriradiata
Mansfeld World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops: Galinsoga quadriradiata
Plants of the World Online: Galinsoga quadriradiata
Tropicos: Galinsoga quadriradiata
Wikipedia: Galinsoga quadriradiata