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Xanthium spinosum
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Photo: Mark Hyde
SRGH
Photo: Mark Hyde
SRGH
Photo: Mark Hyde
SRGH
Photo: Mark Hyde
SRGH
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| Synonyms: | |
| Common names: | Spiny cocklebur (English) |
| Frequency: | |
| Status: | Probably introduced. |
| Description: |
Annual herb, to 1 m; branches bearing 3-partite yellow spines. Leaves petiolate, narrowly ovate, discolorous; margin undulate, toothed or, commonly, 3-lobed; base cuneate. Male capitula spherical, terminal. Female capitulum with phyllaries connate around the 2 achenes. Fruit 1-1.2 cm bearing numerous spines with hooked tips. |
| Notes: | |
| Derivation of specific name: | spinosum: spiny |
| Habitat: | In disturbed places. |
| Altitude range: (metres) | |
| Flowering time: | |
| Worldwide distribution: | Widespread as a weed in both the Old and New Worlds. |
| Zimbabwe distribution: | W,C |
| Growth form(s): | |
| Endemic status: | |
| Red data list status: | |
| Insects associated with this species: | |
| Spot characters: | Display spot characters for this species |
| Literature: |
Chapano, C. & Mugarisanwa, N.H. (2003). Plants of the Matobo District National Herbarium and Botanic Garden, Zimbabwe Page 37. Mapaura, A. & Timberlake, J. (eds) (2004). A checklist of Zimbabwean vascular plants Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 33 Sabonet, Pretoria and Harare Page 29. Setshogo, M.P. (2005). Preliminary checklist of the plants of Botswana. Sabonet Report no. 37. Sabonet, Pretoria and Gaborone Page 39. Wild, H. (1955). Common Rhodesian Weeds Government of Rhodesia, Salisbury Page 79. (Includes a picture). Wild, H. (1967). The Compositae of the Flora Zambesiaca area. 1. Heliantheae. Kirkia 6(1) Pages 4 - 5. |
Other sources of information about Xanthium spinosum:
Our websites:
Flora of Botswana: Xanthium spinosumExternal websites:
African Plants: A Photo Guide (Senckenberg): Xanthium spinosumAfrican Plant Database: Xanthium spinosum
BHL (Biodiversity Heritage Library): Xanthium spinosum
EOL (Encyclopedia of Life): Xanthium spinosum
GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility): Xanthium spinosum
Google: Web - Images - Scholar
iNaturalist: Xanthium spinosum
IPNI (International Plant Names Index): Xanthium spinosum
JSTOR Plant Science: Xanthium spinosum
Mansfeld World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops: Xanthium spinosum
Plants of the World Online: Xanthium spinosum
Tropicos: Xanthium spinosum
Wikipedia: Xanthium spinosum
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