Verbena rigida Spreng.

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Photo: Bart Wursten
By road from Nyanga to Troutbeck, near Troutbeck

Photo: Mark Hyde
Between Celebration Centre and Borrowdale Road, Harare

Synonyms:	Verbena bonariensis L. var. rigida (Spreng.) Kuntze Verbena venosa Gillies & Hook.
Common names:
Description:
Notes:
Derivation of specific name:	rigida: rigid, stiff
Flowering time:
Worldwide distribution:	Native in South America; introduced and naturalised in West-Indies, southern USA, Kenya, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Eswatini, South Africa and Madagascar.
Growth form(s):
Insects associated with this species:
Spot characters:	Display spot characters for this species
Image last updated:	Monday 26 August 2013
Literature:	Fernandes, R. (2005). Verbenaceae Flora Zambesiaca 8(7) Pages 10 - 11. Mapaura, A. & Timberlake, J. (eds) (2004). A checklist of Zimbabwean vascular plants Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 33 Sabonet, Pretoria and Harare Page 82. Maroyi, A. (2006). Preliminary checklist of introduced and naturalized plants in Zimbabwe. Kirkia 18(2) Page 246.

Flora of Zimbabwe: Verbena rigida

African Plants: A Photo Guide (Senckenberg): Verbena rigida
African Plant Database: Verbena rigida
BHL (Biodiversity Heritage Library): Verbena rigida
EOL (Encyclopedia of Life): Verbena rigida
GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility): Verbena rigida
Google: Web - Images - Scholar
iNaturalist: Verbena rigida
IPNI (International Plant Names Index): Verbena rigida
JSTOR Plant Science: Verbena rigida
Mansfeld World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops: Verbena rigida
Plants of the World Online: Verbena rigida
Tropicos: Verbena rigida
Wikipedia: Verbena rigida