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Harungana madagascariensis
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Photo: Bart Wursten
Globe Rock, Vumba
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| Synonyms: |
Arungana paniculata Pers. Haronga madagascariensis (Lam. ex Poir.) Choisy Haronga paniculata (Pers.) Lodd. ex Steud. |
| Common names: | Mukaranga (Shona) Mutseti (Shona) Mutsotso (Shona) Orange-milk tree (English) Praying-hands (English) |
| Description: | Small to medium-sized shrubby tree with distinctly russet young leaves and branchlets. Bark brown, rough and scaly, with orange sap when damaged. Leaves opposite, elliptic, up to 20 cm long, dark shiny green above, densely covered in rusty hairs below; margin entire. Young leaves at stem apex flattened together; hence the common name "praying hands". Flowers in dense, branched, terminal heads, creamy-white, hairy inside, with glandular dots near the apex, sweetly scented. Fruit in clusters, 2-4 mm in diameter, greenish-orange to red when ripe. |
| Notes: | |
| Derivation of specific name: | madagascariensis: of Madagascar |
| Flowering time: | Jan - Apr |
| Worldwide distribution: | Widespread in tropical Africa to Mauritius |
| Growth form(s): | Tree, shrub over 2 m. |
| Insects associated with this species: | |
| Spot characters: | Display spot characters for this species |
| Image last updated: | Tuesday 13 February 2007 |
| Literature: |
Burrows, J.E. & Willis, C.K. (eds) (2005). Plants of the Nyika Plateau Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 31 SABONET, Pretoria Page 129. (Includes a picture). Burrows, J.E., Burrows, S.M., Lötter, M.C. & Schmidt, E. (2018). Trees and Shrubs Mozambique Publishing Print Matters (Pty), Cape Town. Page 616. (Includes a picture). Chapano, C. & Mamuto, M. (2003). Plants of the Chimanimani District National Herbarium and Botanic Garden, Zimbabwe Page 30. Coates Palgrave, K. (revised and updated by Meg Coates Palgrave) (2002). Trees of Southern Africa 3rd edition. Struik, South Africa Pages 735 - 736. (Includes a picture). Da Silva, M.C., Izidine, S. & Amude, A.B. (2004). A preliminary checklist of the vascular plants of Mozambique. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 30 Sabonet, Pretoria Page 45. Dowsett-Lemaire, F. (1989). The flora and phytogeography of the evergreen forests of Malawi. I: Afromontane and mid-altitude forests; Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg. 59(1/2) Page 19. Drummond, R.B. (1975). A list of trees, shrubs and woody climbers indigenous or naturalised in Rhodesia. Kirkia 10(1) Page 260. Fischer, E. & Killmann, D. (2008). Illustrated Field guide to the Plants of Nyungwe National Park Rwanda. University of Koblenz-Landau. Pages 158 - 159. (Includes a picture). Mapaura, A. & Timberlake, J. (eds) (2004). A checklist of Zimbabwean vascular plants Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 33 Sabonet, Pretoria and Harare Page 35. Phiri, P.S.M. (2005). A Checklist of Zambian Vascular Plants Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 32 Page 41. Robson, N.K.B. (1961). Guttiferae Flora Zambesiaca 1(2) Pages 391 - 392. (Includes a picture). Strugnell, A.M. (2006). A Checklist of the Spermatophytes of Mount Mulanje, Malawi Scripta Botanica Belgica 34 National Botanic Garden of Belgium Page 69. Timberlake, J.R., Bayliss, J., Dowsett-Lemaire, F., Congdon, C., Branch, B., Collins, S., Curran, M., Dowsett, R,J., Fishpool, L., Francisco, J., Harris, Kopp, M. & de Sousa, C. (2012). Mt Mabu, Mozambique: Biodiversity and Conservation Report produced under the Darwin Initiative Award 15/036. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London Page 73. Troupin, G. (1978). Clusiaceae Flore du Rwanda Spermatophytes Volume I Pages 300 - 301. (Includes a picture). Van Wyk, B. & Van Wyk, P. (1997). Field Guide to Trees of Southern Africa. Struik, South Africa Pages 316 - 317. (Includes a picture). Van Wyk, B. & Van Wyk, P. (2013). Field Guide to Trees of Southern Africa (Second edition) Struik, South Africa Pages 372 - 373. (Includes a picture). White, F. (1962). Forest Flora of Northern Rhodesia Oxford Univ. Press. Page 256. White, F., Dowsett-Lemaire, F. & Chapman, J.D. (2001). Evergreen forest flora of Malawi Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Pages 284 - 285. (Includes a picture). Wursten, B., Timberlake, J. & Darbyshire, I. (2017). The Chimanimani Mountains: an updated checklist. Kirkia 19(1) Page 92. |
Other sources of information about Harungana madagascariensis:
Our websites:
Flora of the DRC: Harungana madagascariensisFlora of Malawi: Harungana madagascariensis
Flora of Mozambique: Harungana madagascariensis
Flora of Rwanda: Harungana madagascariensis
Flora of Zambia: Harungana madagascariensis
Flora of Zimbabwe: Harungana madagascariensis
External websites:
African Plants: A Photo Guide (Senckenberg): Harungana madagascariensisAfrican Plant Database: Harungana madagascariensis
BHL (Biodiversity Heritage Library): Harungana madagascariensis
EOL (Encyclopedia of Life): Harungana madagascariensis
GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility): Harungana madagascariensis
Google: Web - Images - Scholar
iNaturalist: Harungana madagascariensis
IPNI (International Plant Names Index): Harungana madagascariensis
JSTOR Plant Science: Harungana madagascariensis
Mansfeld World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops: Harungana madagascariensis
Plants of the World Online: Harungana madagascariensis
Tropicos: Harungana madagascariensis
Wikipedia: Harungana madagascariensis
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