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Gleason, H.A. & Cronquist, A. (1963) Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada D. van Nostrand Co, Inc. Princetown New Jersey.
Deciduous or semi-evergreen perennial herbs. Erect stems arising from a rosette of petioled basal leaves. Cauline leaves sessile, oblong. Flowers white to violet or pink in terminal panicle- or raceme-like inflorescences. Calyx herbaceous, deeply 5-parted; corolla tubular or trumpet-shaped, bilabiate, the tube much longer than the lobes. Staminode very prominent. Fruit septicidal. Worldwide: 250 species mainly in North America. Zimbabwe: 3 cultivated taxa. |
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| Species | Content |
| barbatus (Cav.) Roth | |
| campanulatus (Cav.) Willd. | |
| hartwegii Benth. |
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